ABSTRACT
Plant essential oils are natural products extracted from plants and because of their antimicrobial properties can be used as natural additives in foods. They are also useful for decontamination of food-borne pathogens and can be a safe additive in foods. The antimicrobial activities of essential oils belonging to Saturiea hortensis, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha polegium, Cuminum cyminum, Lavandula officinalis and Mentha viridis L. [spearmint] were investigated at different concentrations [0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10%v/v] against Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella paratyphi A and Salmonella paratyphi B by using the agar well diffusion method. Essential oils showed inhibitory effect on Salmonella spp. in the agar well diffusion assay. In addition, the capability of essential oils for decontamination of minced row beef, ground beef, minced raw chicken and minced raw fish inoculated with Salmonella spp. at 0.1 and 0.5%v/v were assessed. Reduction of the Salmonella spp. population was observed following the inoculation of the cultures with 0.1 and 0.5%v/v essential oils
Subject(s)
Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects , Salmonella paratyphi A/drug effects , Salmonella paratyphi B/drug effects , Anti-Infective AgentsABSTRACT
Infections with Salmonella are an important public health problem worldwide. On a global scale, it has been appraised that Salmonella is responsible for an estimated 3 billion human infections each year. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that annually typhoid fever accounts for 21.7 million illnesses (217,000 deaths) and paratyphoid fever accounts for 5.4 million of these cases. Infants, children, and adolescents in south-central and South-eastern Asia experience the greatest burden of illness. In cases of enteric fever, including infections with S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A and B, it is often necessary to commence treatment before the results of laboratory sensitivity tests are available. Hence, it is important to be aware of options and possible problems before beginning treatment. Ciprofloxacin has become the first-line drug of choice since the widespread emergence and spread of strains resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim. There is increase in the occurrence of strains resistant to ciprofloxacin. Reports of typhoidal salmonellae with increasing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and resistance to newer quinolones raise the fear of potential treatment failures and necessitate the need for new, alternative antimicrobials. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins and azithromycin are the options available for the treatment of enteric fever. The emergence of broad spectrum β-lactamases in typhoidal salmonellae constitutes a new challenge. Already there are rare reports of azithromycin resistance in typhoidal salmonellae leading to treatment failure. This review is based on published research from our centre and literature from elsewhere in the world. This brief review tries to summarize the history and recent trends in antimicrobial resistance in typhoidal salmonellae.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Asia, Southeastern , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Humans , Salmonella paratyphi A/drug effects , Salmonella paratyphi B/drug effects , Salmonella typhi/drug effects , Typhoid Fever/microbiologyABSTRACT
Considerando la alta frecuencia con que se presenta la fiebre tifoidea en nuestro país, que el tratamiento de elección sigue siendo con cloranfenicol y que se observa respuestas diferentes según la procedencia del antibiótico; se ha estudiado la concentración mínima inhibitoria (MIC) de 6 cloranfenicol de laboratorios diferentes frente a 54 cepas de salmonella paratifoidea y una de Salmonella cholerae suis. Se describe la metodología empleada y los resultados obtenidos, los cuales permitieron considerar que la concentración estimada útil para el tratamiento de la salmonellosis, no tiene una diferencia estadísticamente significativa, a excepción de dos de ellos